PENGARUH KETERLIBATAN KARYAWAN DI DALAM PROSES PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KEEFEKTIFAN ORGANISASIONAL
Abstract
High involvement management is a term coined by Ed Lawler (1986) for a management approach centered on employee involvement. It entails providing employees with opportunities to make decisions concerning the conduct of their jobs and to participate in the business as a whole. Joblevel involvement means increasing the decision-making opportunities people have in their work, while organizational-level involvement, or empowerment, means giving employees a role in decisions concerned with strategy, investment and other major organizational matters. High involvement management thus involves practices such as team working, empowerment, idea capture schemes, information-sharing on quality, customer feedback and business results, organizational performance-related reward systems, and extensive training and development, including the social and problem-solving skills required for high involvement working. It is conceived as an alternative to a control model based on job simplification, tightly defined divisions of labor, rigid allocations of individuals to narrowly defined tasks and minimal employee participation in higherlevel decisions. The objective of this paper is to explain about two important issues that related with the efforts to build the confidence that high involvement in the process of doing job is an appropriate perspective in explaining about the important meaning of employee involvement for the whole organization. First, the synergy between attributes of high involvement in doing job is presumed will give impact on the organizational effectiveness. Second, to describe various contingent conditions that influences the high involvement in doing job. The previous study that has already done by Riordan, Vandenberg, and Richardson (2005) treat attributes in high involvement in doing job is isolated out of organizational context.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arthur, J. B. (1994). Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37.
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Cable, D. M., & Judge, T. A. (1996). Person-Organization Fit, Job-Choice Decisions and Organizational Entry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67.
Connor, P. E. (1992). Decision-Making Participation Patterns: The Role of Oganizational Context. Academy of Management Journal, 35.
Cotton, J. L., Vollrath, D. A., Froggatt, K. L., Lengnick-Hall, M. L., & Jennings, K. R. (1988). “Employee Participation Diverse Forms and Different Outcomes.†Academy of Management Review, 13.
Dachler, H. P., & Wilpert, B. (1978). “Conceptual Dimensions and Boundaries of Participation in Organizations: A Critical Evaluation.†Administrative Science Quarterly, 23. Delaney, J. T., Lewin, D. & Ichniowski, C. (1989). Human Resource Policies and Practices in American Firms. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Flamholtz, E. G. & Lacey, J. M. (1981). Personnel Management, Human Capital Theory, and Human Resources Accounting. Los Angeles: Institution of Industrial Relations. University of California.
French, J. R. P., Israel, J., & As, D (1960). “An Experiment in A Norwegian Factory: Interpersonal Dimensions in Decision-Making.†Human Relations, 13.
Glew, D. J., O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W., & Van Fleet, D. D. (1995). “Participation in Organizations: A Review of The Issues and Proposed Framework for Future Analysis.†Journal of Management, 21.
Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. III (1979). “Job Characteristics and Motivation: A Conceptual Framework.†In L. E. Davis & J. C. Taylor (Eds.). Design of Jobs. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.
Huselid, M. A. (1995). “The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance.†Academy of Management Journal, 38.
Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. (1997). “Technical and Strategic Human Resource Management Effectiveness as Determinants of Firm Performance.†Academy of Management Journal, 40.
Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1995). “Understanding Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizational and Their Environments.†Annual Review of Psychology, 46.
James, L. A., James, L. R., & Ashe, D. K. (1990). “The Meaning of Organizations: The Role of Cognitions and Values. In B. Schneider (Ed.).†Organizational Climate and Culture. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Klein, K. J., Major, V. S., & Ralls, R. S. (1998). Worker Participation: What, Why, and Whither. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Maryland, College Park.
Latham, G. P., Winters, D. C., & Locke, E. A. (1994). “Cognitive and Motivational Effects of Participation: A Mediator Study.†Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15.
Lawler, E. E. III (1986). High Involvement Management. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lawler, E. E. III (1991). “Participative Management Stategies. In J. W. Jones, B. D. Steffy & D. W. Bray (Eds.).†Applying Psychology in Business: The Handbook for Managers and Human Resource Professionals. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Lawler, E. E. III (1992). The Ultimate Advantage: Creating The High Involvement Organization. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass
Lawler, E. E. III (1996). From The Ground Up: Six Principles for Builing The New Logic Corporation. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass
Lawler, E. E. III, Ledford G. E., Jr., & Mohrman, S. A. (1989). Employee Involvement in America: A Study of Contemporary Practice. Houston, TX: American Productivity Center.
Leana, C. R., & Florkowski, G. W. (1992). “Employee Involvement Programs: Integrating Psychological Theory and Management Practice.†Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 10.
Ledford, G. E., Jr. & Lawler, E. E. (1994). Research on Employees Participation: Beating a Dead Horse? Academy of Management Review, 19.
Locke, E. A. (1976). “The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.).†Handbook of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Locke, E. A. & Schweiger, D. M. (1979). “Participation in Decision Making: One More Look. In B. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.).†Research in Organizational Behavior. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Macy, B. A., Peterson, M. F., & Norton, L. W. (1989). “A Test of Participation Theory in A Work Redesign Field Setting: Degree of Participation and Comparison Site Contrasts.†Human Relations, 42.
MacDuffie, J. P. (1995). “Human Resource Bundles and Manufacturing Performance: Organizational Logic and Flexible Production System in the World Auto Industryâ€. Industrial Labor and Relations Review, 48.
Miller, K. I., & Monge, P. R. (1986). “Participation, Satisfaction, and Productivity: A Meta-analytic Review.†Academy of Management Journal, 29.
Mohrman, S. A., & Lawler, E. E. III (1993). “Human Resource Management: Building a Strategic Partnership. In J. R. Galbraith & E. E. Lawler, III (Eds.).†Organizing for Managing Complex Organizations. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Neal, J. A., & Tromley, C. L. (1995). “From Incremental Change to Retrofit: Creating High Performance Work Systems.†Academy of Management Executive, 9.
Pill, F. K., & MacDuffie, J. P. (1996). “The Adoption of High Involvement Work Practices.†Industrial Relations, 35.
Prahalad, C. K. & Hamel, G. (1990). “The Core Competence of The Corporation.†Harvard Business Review, 68.
Riordan, C. M. (1995). The Development and Empirical Examination of a Model of Relational Demography Within Work Groups. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Georgia State University, Atlanta.
Riordan, C. M., Vandenberg, R. J., and Richardson, H. A. (2005). “Employee Involvement and Organizational Effectiveness: An Organizational System Perspective.†Human Resource Management, 44, 471-488.
Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Skully, J. A., Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1995). “Locus of Knowledge as a Determinant of The Effects of Participation on Performance, Affect, and Perceptions.†Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 61.
Wagner, J. A. III (1994). “Participation’s Effects on Performance and Satisfaction. A Reconsideration of Research Evidence.†Academy of Management Review, 19.
Wagner, J. A. III, Leana, C. R., Locke, E. A. & Scweiger, D. M. (1997). “Cognitive and Motivational Frameworks in U.S. Research on Participation: Meta-Analysis of Primary Effects.†Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35591/wahana.v11i1.7
Wahana: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi
ISSN : 2685-1415 (Online) | 1410-8224 (Print)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Politeknik YKPN Yogyakarta.
Jl. Gagak Rimang No. 2-4 Balapan, Yogyakarta 55222
Phone (0274) 560159, 562317, 513413, 563516 Fax. (0274) 561591
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.